{"id":2516,"date":"2020-12-28T12:36:09","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T12:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greendock.cz\/?page_id=2516"},"modified":"2021-11-22T20:24:36","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T20:24:36","slug":"heuristiky-a-zkresleni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/greendock.cz\/en\/heuristiky-a-zkresleni\/","title":{"rendered":"Heuristics and biases"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Heuristics and biases<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00fdzkumy z behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 b\u011bhem rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nezva\u017euj\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u011b pro a proti u ka\u017ed\u00e9 varianty. M\u00edsto toho spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na \u0159adu my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch zkratek (takzvan\u00fdch heuristik), kter\u00e9 jim usnad\u0148uj\u00ed navigaci v nes\u010detn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed podn\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 ka\u017edou sekundu vstupuj\u00ed do jejich mozku.\u00a0<\/p>

Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm heuristik se lid\u00e9 \u010dasto dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed systematick\u00fdch chyb (takzvan\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch zkreslen\u00ed) v jejich usuzov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnoho z t\u011bchto zkreslen\u00ed bohu\u017eel vede k tomu, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 mysl nal\u00e9havost klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny podce\u0148uje.<\/p>

P\u0159\u00edklady takov\u00fdch heuristik a zkreslen\u00ed najdete na karti\u010dk\u00e1ch n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChcete se nau\u010dit, jak pracovat s heuristikami a kognitivn\u00edmi zkreslen\u00edmi\nv\u00a0tvorb\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch\u00a0slu\u017eeb a program\u016f?
\n\n\u279c<\/span> Domluvte si s n\u00e1mi workshop<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/h6>
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P\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat a ztratit nyn\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskat a ztratit v budoucnosti<\/h5>\n
\n P\u0159edstava \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9ho kousku hov\u011bz\u00edho na tal\u00ed\u0159i u host\u016f restaurace \u010dasto vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 nad p\u0159edstavou d\u00e1t si bezmas\u00fd pokrm a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/span> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy<\/h6>
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Sna\u017e\u00edme se vyhov\u011bt o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm na\u0161ich bl\u00edzk\u00fdch a spole\u010dnosti, abychom byli druh\u00fdmi\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni\u00a0a respektov\u00e1ni.<\/h5>\n
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Ve skupin\u011b mlad\u00fdch sportovc\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00fd chlap mus\u00ed j\u00edst maso, aby m\u011bl po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 svaly. Zvolen\u00ed vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pokrmu by znamenalo riskovat posm\u011bch.\u00a0<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se ztr\u00e1t\u011b<\/h6>
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Z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bji vn\u00edm\u00e1me potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty ne\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zisky.<\/h5>\n
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Komunikace klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve spojitosti s t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017eeme ztratit (nap\u0159. \u00fabytek \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f a vodn\u00edch tok\u016f), vyvol\u00e1 v lidech siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odezvu ne\u017e to, co m\u016f\u017eeme v\u010dasnou reakc\u00ed na zm\u011bnu klimatu z\u00edskat (nap\u0159. zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity a vznik nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch oblast\u00ed).<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reaktance<\/h6>
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Pokud m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk pocit, \u017ee je tla\u010den do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed, m\u00e1 tendenci rozhodnout se z principu opa\u010dn\u011b, aby si zachoval svobodnou volbu.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud u vchodu do supermarketu uvid\u00edme masivn\u00ed nal\u00e9havou reklamu na organickou zeleninu, rad\u011bji nakoup\u00edme tu oby\u010dejnou, abychom si udr\u017eeli svou autonomii.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho stavu (status quo)<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci lp\u011bt na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu, proto\u017ee ztr\u00e1ty spojen\u00e9 s jeho opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se n\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.<\/h5>\n
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P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159echod k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b se z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska vyplat\u00ed a n\u011bkdy bude nevyhnuteln\u00fd, mana\u017eer firmy rad\u011bji\u00a0z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0u st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho, zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby, kter\u00fd je \u201cosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd\u201d a \u201czaveden\u00fd\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpustky<\/h6>
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Chov\u00e1n\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 se styd\u00edme, m\u00e1me tendenci \u201cvykupovat\u201d jin\u00fdmi akty, abychom ze sebe m\u011bli lep\u0161\u00ed pocit.<\/h5>\n
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\u201cSice jsem dnes jel do pr\u00e1ce autem m\u00edsto MHD, ale kdy\u017e si te\u010f koup\u00edm kafe do vlastn\u00edho kel\u00edmku, m\u016f\u017eu m\u00edt \u010dist\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed.\u201d<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konfirma\u010dn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si v\u011bci vysv\u011btlovat tak, aby zapadaly do na\u0161ich existuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud nesouhlas\u00edme s t\u00edm, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1me a v\u011b\u0159\u00edme sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna tu byla v\u017edy a \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed proces.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Optimistick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci p\u0159ece\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 schopnosti a podce\u0148ovat budouc\u00ed rizika<\/h5>\n
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I p\u0159esto, \u017ee sl\u00fdch\u00e1me o hrozb\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ze v\u0161ech stran, v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1m osobn\u011b nijak neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od druh\u00fdch jsme si toti\u017e \u201cv\u017edycky n\u011bjak poradili\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch jev\u016f<\/h6>
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Na na\u0161e rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bj\u00ed v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed, ne\u017e na vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/h5>\n
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V\u00edce n\u00e1s zas\u00e1hne vysychaj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edk za na\u0161\u00ed chatou, ne\u017e taj\u00edc\u00ed ledovce na Antarktid\u011b.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti<\/h6>
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\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu d\u011blat n\u011bco my sami.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Jeliko\u017e se t\u00e9ma \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u0161ech, je snadn\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1t zodpov\u011bdnosti a ne\u010dinn\u011b doufat, \u017ee to za n\u00e1s \u201cn\u011bkdo vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Heuristika dostupnosti<\/h6>
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V rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu skute\u010dnostem a situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 si snadno vybav\u00edme z pam\u011bti.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Letos vydatn\u011b pr\u0161elo, m\u00e1me na to \u010derstv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky. Nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00edme si tedy skute\u010dnou hrozbu sucha v \u010cR.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ego-ochrann\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vykl\u00e1dat tak, aby vylep\u0161ilo na\u0161e sebev\u011bdom\u00ed. Podepisujeme se pod \u00fasp\u011bchy, ale z nezdar\u016f vin\u00edme vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okolnosti.<\/h5>\n
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Kdy\u017e zjist\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1mi zakoupen\u00fd prost\u0159edek je \u0161etrn\u00fd k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, r\u00e1di se pochlub\u00edme na\u0161\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011blost\u00ed koleg\u016fm v pr\u00e1ci. Kdy\u017e pak kolega pouk\u00e1\u017ee na n\u00e1\u0161 jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd plastov\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek, obhajujeme to t\u00edm, \u017ee v obchod\u011b jin\u00e9 nenab\u00edz\u00ed.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/h6>
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P\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat a ztratit nyn\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskat a ztratit v budoucnosti<\/h5>\n
\n P\u0159edstava \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9ho kousku hov\u011bz\u00edho na tal\u00ed\u0159i u host\u016f restaurace \u010dasto vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 nad p\u0159edstavou d\u00e1t si bezmas\u00fd pokrm a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/span> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy<\/h6>
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V rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1zory na\u0161ich bl\u00edzk\u00fdch a spole\u010dnosti. Sna\u017e\u00edme se vyhov\u011bt t\u011bmto sd\u00edlen\u00fdm norm\u00e1m, abychom byli druh\u00fdmi\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni\u00a0a\u00a0 respektov\u00e1ni<\/h5>\n
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Ve skupin\u011b mlad\u00fdch sportovc\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00fd chlap mus\u00ed j\u00edst maso, aby m\u011bl po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 svaly. Zvolen\u00ed vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pokrmu by znamenalo riskovat posm\u011bch.\u00a0<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se ztr\u00e1t\u011b<\/h6>
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Z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bji vn\u00edm\u00e1me potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty ne\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zisky.<\/h5>\n
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Komunikace klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve spojitosti s t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017eeme ztratit (nap\u0159. \u00fabytek \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f a vodn\u00edch tok\u016f), vyvol\u00e1 v lidech siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odezvu ne\u017e to, co m\u016f\u017eeme v\u010dasnou reakc\u00ed na zm\u011bnu klimatu z\u00edskat (nap\u0159. zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity a vznik nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch oblast\u00ed).<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reaktance<\/h6>
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Pokud m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk pocit, \u017ee je tla\u010den do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed, m\u00e1 tendenci rozhodnout se z principu opa\u010dn\u011b, aby si zachoval svobodnou volbu.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud u vchodu do supermarketu uvid\u00edme masivn\u00ed nal\u00e9havou reklamu na organickou zeleninu, rad\u011bji nakoup\u00edme tu oby\u010dejnou, abychom si udr\u017eeli svou autonomii.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpustky<\/h6>
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Chov\u00e1n\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 se styd\u00edme, m\u00e1me tendenci \u201cvykupovat\u201d jin\u00fdmi akty, abychom ze sebe m\u011bli lep\u0161\u00ed pocit.<\/h5>\n
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\u201cSice jsem dnes jel do pr\u00e1ce autem m\u00edsto MHD, ale kdy\u017e si te\u010f koup\u00edm kafe do vlastn\u00edho kel\u00edmku, m\u016f\u017eu m\u00edt \u010dist\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed.\u201d<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho stavu (status quo)<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci lp\u011bt na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu, proto\u017ee ztr\u00e1ty spojen\u00e9 s jeho opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se n\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.<\/h5>\n
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P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159echod k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b se z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska vyplat\u00ed a n\u011bkdy bude nevyhnuteln\u00fd, mana\u017eer firmy rad\u011bji\u00a0z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0u st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho, zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby, kter\u00fd je \u201cosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd\u201d a \u201czaveden\u00fd\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Optimistick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci p\u0159ece\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 schopnosti a podce\u0148ovat budouc\u00ed rizika<\/h5>\n
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I p\u0159esto, \u017ee sl\u00fdch\u00e1me o hrozb\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ze v\u0161ech stran, v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1m osobn\u011b nijak neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od druh\u00fdch jsme si toti\u017e \u201cv\u017edycky n\u011bjak poradili\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konfirma\u010dn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si v\u011bci vysv\u011btlovat tak, aby zapadaly do na\u0161ich existuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud nesouhlas\u00edme s t\u00edm, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1me a v\u011b\u0159\u00edme sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna tu byla v\u017edy a \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed proces.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch jev\u016f<\/h6>
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Na na\u0161e rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bj\u00ed v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed, ne\u017e na vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/h5>\n
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V\u00edce n\u00e1s zas\u00e1hne vysychaj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edk za na\u0161\u00ed chatou, ne\u017e taj\u00edc\u00ed ledovce na Antarktid\u011b.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti<\/h6>
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\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu d\u011blat n\u011bco my sami.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Jeliko\u017e se t\u00e9ma \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u0161ech, je snadn\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1t zodpov\u011bdnosti a ne\u010dinn\u011b doufat, \u017ee to za n\u00e1s \u201cn\u011bkdo vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Heuristika dostupnosti<\/h6>
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V rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu skute\u010dnostem a situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 si snadno vybav\u00edme z pam\u011bti.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Letos vydatn\u011b pr\u0161elo, m\u00e1me na to \u010derstv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky. Nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00edme si tedy skute\u010dnou hrozbu sucha v \u010cR.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ego-ochrann\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vykl\u00e1dat tak, aby vylep\u0161ilo na\u0161e sebev\u011bdom\u00ed. Podepisujeme se pod \u00fasp\u011bchy, ale z nezdar\u016f vin\u00edme vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okolnosti.<\/h5>\n
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Kdy\u017e zjist\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1mi zakoupen\u00fd prost\u0159edek je \u0161etrn\u00fd k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, r\u00e1di se pochlub\u00edme na\u0161\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011blost\u00ed koleg\u016fm v pr\u00e1ci. Kdy\u017e pak kolega pouk\u00e1\u017ee na n\u00e1\u0161 jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd plastov\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek, obhajujeme to t\u00edm, \u017ee v obchod\u011b jin\u00e9 nenab\u00edz\u00ed.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/h6>
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P\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat a ztratit nyn\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu, co m\u016f\u017eeme potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskat a ztratit v budoucnosti<\/h5>\n
\n P\u0159edstava \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9ho kousku hov\u011bz\u00edho na tal\u00ed\u0159i u host\u016f restaurace \u010dasto vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 nad p\u0159edstavou d\u00e1t si bezmas\u00fd pokrm a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/span> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy<\/h6>
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V rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1zory na\u0161ich bl\u00edzk\u00fdch a spole\u010dnosti. Sna\u017e\u00edme se vyhov\u011bt t\u011bmto sd\u00edlen\u00fdm norm\u00e1m, abychom byli druh\u00fdmi\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni\u00a0a\u00a0 respektov\u00e1ni<\/h5>\n
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Ve skupin\u011b mlad\u00fdch sportovc\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00fd chlap mus\u00ed j\u00edst maso, aby m\u011bl po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 svaly. Zvolen\u00ed vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pokrmu by znamenalo riskovat posm\u011bch.\u00a0<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se ztr\u00e1t\u011b<\/h6>
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Z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bji vn\u00edm\u00e1me potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty ne\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zisky.<\/h5>\n
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Komunikace klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve spojitosti s t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017eeme ztratit (nap\u0159. \u00fabytek \u010desk\u00fdch les\u016f a vodn\u00edch tok\u016f), vyvol\u00e1 v lidech siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odezvu ne\u017e to, co m\u016f\u017eeme v\u010dasnou reakc\u00ed na zm\u011bnu klimatu z\u00edskat (nap\u0159. zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity a vznik nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch oblast\u00ed).<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reaktance<\/h6>
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Pokud m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk pocit, \u017ee je tla\u010den do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed, m\u00e1 tendenci rozhodnout se z principu opa\u010dn\u011b, aby si zachoval svobodnou volbu.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud u vchodu do supermarketu uvid\u00edme masivn\u00ed nal\u00e9havou reklamu na organickou zeleninu, rad\u011bji nakoup\u00edme tu oby\u010dejnou, abychom si udr\u017eeli svou autonomii.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho stavu (status quo)<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci lp\u011bt na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu, proto\u017ee ztr\u00e1ty spojen\u00e9 s jeho opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se n\u00e1m zdaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.<\/h5>\n
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P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159echod k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b se z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska vyplat\u00ed a n\u011bkdy bude nevyhnuteln\u00fd, mana\u017eer firmy rad\u011bji\u00a0z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0u st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho, zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby, kter\u00fd je \u201cosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd\u201d a \u201czaveden\u00fd\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpustky<\/h6>
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Chov\u00e1n\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 se styd\u00edme, m\u00e1me tendenci \u201cvykupovat\u201d jin\u00fdmi akty, abychom ze sebe m\u011bli lep\u0161\u00ed pocit.<\/h5>\n
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\u201cSice jsem dnes jel do pr\u00e1ce autem m\u00edsto MHD, ale kdy\u017e si te\u010f koup\u00edm kafe do vlastn\u00edho kel\u00edmku, m\u016f\u017eu m\u00edt \u010dist\u00e9 sv\u011bdom\u00ed.\u201d<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konfirma\u010dn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si v\u011bci vysv\u011btlovat tak, aby zapadaly do na\u0161ich existuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/h5>\n
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Pokud nesouhlas\u00edme s t\u00edm, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1me a v\u011b\u0159\u00edme sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna tu byla v\u017edy a \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed proces.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Optimistick\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci p\u0159ece\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 schopnosti a podce\u0148ovat budouc\u00ed rizika<\/h5>\n
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I p\u0159esto, \u017ee sl\u00fdch\u00e1me o hrozb\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny ze v\u0161ech stran, v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1m osobn\u011b nijak neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od druh\u00fdch jsme si toti\u017e \u201cv\u017edycky n\u011bjak poradili\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch jev\u016f<\/h6>
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Na na\u0161e rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bj\u00ed v bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed, ne\u017e na vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/h5>\n
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V\u00edce n\u00e1s zas\u00e1hne vysychaj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edk za na\u0161\u00ed chatou, ne\u017e taj\u00edc\u00ed ledovce na Antarktid\u011b.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ego-ochrann\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/h6>
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M\u00e1me tendenci si sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vykl\u00e1dat tak, aby vylep\u0161ilo na\u0161e sebev\u011bdom\u00ed. Podepisujeme se pod \u00fasp\u011bchy, ale z nezdar\u016f vin\u00edme vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okolnosti.<\/h5>\n
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Kdy\u017e zjist\u00edme, \u017ee n\u00e1mi zakoupen\u00fd prost\u0159edek je \u0161etrn\u00fd k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, r\u00e1di se pochlub\u00edme na\u0161\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011blost\u00ed koleg\u016fm v pr\u00e1ci. Kdy\u017e pak kolega pouk\u00e1\u017ee na n\u00e1\u0161 jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd plastov\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek, obhajujeme to t\u00edm, \u017ee v obchod\u011b jin\u00e9 nenab\u00edz\u00ed.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti<\/h6>
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\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1me pocit, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu d\u011blat n\u011bco my sami.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Jeliko\u017e se t\u00e9ma \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1s v\u0161ech, je snadn\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1t zodpov\u011bdnosti a ne\u010dinn\u011b doufat, \u017ee to za n\u00e1s \u201cn\u011bkdo vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed\u201d.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Heuristika dostupnosti<\/h6>
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V rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu skute\u010dnostem a situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 si snadno vybav\u00edme z pam\u011bti.\u00a0<\/h5>\n
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Letos vydatn\u011b pr\u0161elo, m\u00e1me na to \u010derstv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky. Nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00edme si tedy skute\u010dnou hrozbu sucha v \u010cR.<\/p> <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00davodn\u00ed animace: JSON Animation @LottieFiles<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Heuristiky a zkreslen\u00ed V\u00fdzkumy z behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 b\u011bhem rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nezva\u017euj\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u011b pro a proti u ka\u017ed\u00e9 varianty. M\u00edsto toho spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na \u0159adu my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch zkratek (takzvan\u00fdch heuristik), kter\u00e9 jim usnad\u0148uj\u00ed navigaci v nes\u010detn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed podn\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 ka\u017edou sekundu vstupuj\u00ed do jejich mozku.\u00a0 Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm heuristik se lid\u00e9 \u010dasto dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed systematick\u00fdch chyb (takzvan\u00fdch kognitivn\u00edch zkreslen\u00ed) […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2516","page","type-page","status-publish","czr-hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHeuristiky a zkreslen\u00ed - Green Dock<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/greendock.cz\/en\/heuristiky-a-zkresleni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Heuristiky a zkreslen\u00ed - Green Dock\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Heuristiky a zkreslen\u00ed V\u00fdzkumy z behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 b\u011bhem rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nezva\u017euj\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u011b pro a proti u ka\u017ed\u00e9 varianty. 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